If you’re concerned that a friend, family member, colleague, neighbour or anyone else you know may be experiencing domestic abuse, it’s important to reach out for support. You do not need to be certain abuse is happening, if something feels wrong, you can talk to someone.
You can contact the Wigan and Leigh Domestic Abuse Helpline for advice, guidance and emotional support. They can help you understand what to look for and what you can safely do next.
In an emergency situation, always call 999.
How to spot the signs of domestic abuse
Domestic abuse isn’t always obvious. People experiencing abuse may hide what is happening or may not recognise it themselves. The signs can be physical, emotional, behavioural or situational.
Below are some indicators that may suggest someone is being harmed, controlled or intimidated.
Physical signs
These signs may appear repeatedly, be unexplained, or not match the explanation given. They can range from minor injuries to significant harm.
Common physical indicators:
- Unexplained bruises, cuts or welts
- Bruises or marks in different stages of healing
- Black eyes
- Burns or scald marks
- Red or purple marks on the neck (possible strangulation)
- Sprained or broken wrists or other unexplained fractures
- Hair pulled out or bald patches.
Other physical symptoms
- Chronic fatigue or persistent exhaustion
- Muscle tension or involuntary shaking
- Shortness of breath or breathing difficulties
- Changes in sleeping or eating patterns.
Behaviour linked to concealing injuries
- Wearing long sleeves or high‑neck clothing in hot weather
- Wearing sunglasses indoors
- Avoiding physical contact or appearing tense when approached.
Contextual indicators
- Frequent 'accidents' or injuries that don’t match the explanation
- Delays in seeking medical treatment or changing GPs frequently
- Appearing subdued or fearful around a particular person.
Emotional signs
Emotional and psychological signs can be just as concerning as physical injuries. These behaviours often show fear, distress or the impact of coercive control.
Changes in behaviour or mood
- Becoming unusually quiet, withdrawn or subdued, especially around a particular person
- Increased agitation, anxiety or nervousness
- Sudden changes in personality or mood (e.g. appearing jumpy, tense or 'on edge').
Signs of fear or intimidation
- Appearing fearful when their partner or family member is mentioned or present
- Seeming to 'walk on eggshells' or trying extremely hard not to upset someone.
Low self‑esteem or self‑blame
- Frequently apologising or taking responsibility for things that aren’t their fault
- Expressing feelings of worthlessness or having noticeably low confidence.
Changes in daily habits
- Disrupted sleep, nightmares or difficulty sleeping
- Loss of interest in hobbies or activities they previously enjoyed
- Changes in eating patterns or appetite.
Social withdrawal
- Avoiding friends, family or social situations
- Becoming unusually isolated, which may be due to the abuser limiting their contact.
Coping or distress behaviours
- Using alcohol or drugs to manage stress or anxiety
- Emotional distress such as crying frequently, irritability, or appearing overwhelmed.
Visit our Get Support page for helplines and contact support.